| Match 1 (1):
Reference (000209 .. 000219, of 13533): |
Subject (002894 .. 002901, of 22118): |
|
of phylogenesis the ultimate origination of new biological forms during the |
of the origin of new biological forms the |
| Match 2 (1):
Reference (000556 .. 000623, of 13533): |
Subject (006952 .. 007022, of 22118): |
|
the situation starting in the 1970s many biologists began questioning its neo Darwinism s adequacy in explaining evolution Genetics might be adequate for explaining microevolution but microevolutionary changes in gene frequency were not seen as able to turn a reptile into a mammal or to convert a fish into an amphibian Microevolution looks at adaptations that concern the survival of the fittest not the arrival of the fittest |
Synthesis is a remarkable achievement However starting in the 1970 s many biologists began questioning its adequacy in explaining evolution Genetics might be adequate for explaining microevolution but microevolutionary changes in gene frequency were not seen as able to turn a reptile into a mammal or to convert a fish into an amphibian Microevolution looks at adaptations that concern only the survival of the fittest not the arrival of the fittest |
| Match 3 (1):
Reference (000859 .. 000868, of 13533): |
Subject (021484 .. 021493, of 22118): |
|
and information during the history of life the Cambrian explosion |
and in the history of life following the Cambrian explosion |
| Match 4 (1):
Reference (001112 .. 001140, of 13533): |
Subject (000956 .. 000986, of 22118): |
|
To say that the fauna of the Cambrian period appeared in a geologically sudden manner also implies the absence of clear transitional intermediate forms connecting Cambrian animals with simpler |
To say that the fauna of the Cambrian period appeared in a geologically sudden manner also implies the absence of clear transitional intermediates connecting the complex Cambrian animals with those simpler |
| Match 5 (1):
Reference (002430 .. 002440, of 13533): |
Subject (002173 .. 002186, of 22118): |
|
years the biological realm included little more than bacteria and algae |
s history the biological realm included little more than unicellular bacteria and bluegreen algae |
| Match 6 (1):
Reference (002445 .. 002455, of 13533): |
Subject (002252 .. 002260, of 22118): |
|
Then beginning about 570 565 million years ago mya the first |
Then beginning about 570 million years ago the first |
| Match 7 (1):
Reference (002496 .. 002506, of 13533): |
Subject (002335 .. 002345, of 22118): |
|
and then to a much greater extent the Cambrian explosion 530 |
and then to a much greater extent the Cambrian explosion 530 |
| Match 8 (1):
Reference (002571 .. 002580, of 13533): |
Subject (002390 .. 002402, of 22118): |
|
the more complex animals that appeared in the Cambrian e |
the complexity of the animals that appeared in the Cambrian is to assess |
| Match 9 (1):
Reference (002591 .. 002604, of 13533): |
Subject (002427 .. 002440, of 22118): |
|
Functionally more complex animals require more cell types to perform their more diverse functions |
Functionally more complex animals require more cell types to perform their more diverse functions |
| Match 10 (1):
Reference (002606 .. 002653, of 13533): |
Subject (002443 .. 002495, of 22118): |
|
cell types require many new and specialized proteins New proteins in turn require new genetic information Thus an increase in the number of cell types implies at a minimum a considerable increase in the amount of specified genetic information Molecular biologists have recently estimated that a minimally complex |
cell type requires many new and specialized proteins New proteins in turn require new genetic information encoded in DNA Thus an increase in the number of cell types implies at a minimum a considerable increase in the amount of specified genetic information For example molecular biologists have recently estimated that a minimally complex |
| Match 11 (1):
Reference (002662 .. 002674, of 13533): |
Subject (002502 .. 002514, of 22118): |
|
562 kilobase pairs of DNA to produce the proteins necessary to maintain life |
562 kilobase pairs of DNA to produce the proteins necessary to maintain life |
| Match 12 (1):
Reference (002689 .. 002705, of 13533): |
Subject (002516 .. 002532, of 22118): |
|
Yet to build the proteins necessary to sustain a complex arthropod such as a trilobite would require |
Yet to build the proteins necessary to sustain a complex arthropod such as a trilobite would require |
| Match 13 (1):
Reference (002737 .. 002756, of 13533): |
Subject (002578 .. 002597, of 22118): |
|
Transitions from a single cell to colonies of cells to complex animals represent significant and in principle measurable increases in |
transitions from a single cell to colonies of cells to complex animals represent significant and in principle measurable increases in |
| Match 14 (1):
Reference (002762 .. 002772, of 13533): |
Subject (012584 .. 012594, of 22118): |
|
from a single celled organism requires a vast amount of new |
from a single celled organism requires a vast amount of new |
| Match 15 (1):
Reference (003332 .. 003349, of 13533): |
Subject (013522 .. 013538, of 22118): |
|
shown that proteins and thus the genes that produce them are indeed highly specified relative to biological function |
shown that proteins and thus the genes that produce them are highly specified relative to biological function |
| Match 16 (1):
Reference (003451 .. 003461, of 13533): |
Subject (013592 .. 013607, of 22118): |
|
that multiple as opposed to single position amino acid substitutions inevitably |
a substitute 98 Further multiple as opposed to single amino acid substitutions very quickly result in |
| Match 17 (1):
Reference (003501 .. 003511, of 13533): |
Subject (013655 .. 013666, of 22118): |
|
and that functional proteins represent highly isolated and improbable arrangements of |
and that as a consequence individual proteins represent highly improbable arrangements of |
| Match 18 (1):
Reference (003566 .. 003575, of 13533): |
Subject (014233 .. 014242, of 22118): |
|
Of course neo Darwinists do not envision a completely random |
Of course neo Darwinists do not envision a completely random |
| Match 19 (1):
Reference (003591 .. 003606, of 13533): |
Subject (014261 .. 014276, of 22118): |
|
natural selection acting to preserve small advantageous variations in genetic sequences and their corresponding protein products |
natural selection acting to preserve small advantageous variations in genetic sequences and their corresponding protein products |
| Match 20 (1):
Reference (003607 .. 003617, of 13533): |
Subject (013246 .. 013255, of 22118): |
|
Dawkins 1996 for example likens an organism to a high mountain |
Dawkins for example likens an organism to a high mountain |
| Match 21 (1):
Reference (003607 .. 003644, of 13533): |
Subject (013246 .. 013287, of 22118): |
|
Dawkins 1996 for example likens an organism to a high mountain peak He compares climbing the sheer precipice up the front side of the mountain to building a new organism by chance He acknowledges that his approach up |
Dawkins for example likens an organism to a high mountain peek He compares the task of climbing the sheer precipice up the front side of the mountain to that of building a new organism by chance He acknowledges that this approach up |
| Match 22 (1):
Reference (003646 .. 003677, of 13533): |
Subject (013289 .. 013321, of 22118): |
|
Improbable will not succeed Nevertheless he suggests that there is a gradual slope up the backside of the mountain that could be climbed in small incremental steps In his analogy the backside |
Improbable will not succeed Yet he suggests that there is a gradual slope up the back side of the mountain that could be climbed in small incremental steps In his analogy the back |
| Match 23 (1):
Reference (003681 .. 003721, of 13533): |
Subject (013325 .. 013369, of 22118): |
|
Improbable corresponds to the process of natural selection acting on random changes in the genetic text What chance alone cannot accomplish blindly or in one leap selection acting on mutations can accomplish through the cumulative effect of many slight successive steps |
Improbable corresponds to the process of natural selection acting on random changes in the genetic text What chance alone cannot accomplish blindly or in one leap natural selection acting on random variations and mutations can accomplish through the cumulative effect of many slight successive steps |
| Match 24 (1):
Reference (003722 .. 003752, of 13533): |
Subject (014277 .. 014307, of 22118): |
|
Yet the extreme specificity and complexity of proteins presents a difficulty not only for the chance origin of specified biological information i e for random mutations acting alone but also for |
Yet the extreme specificity and complexity of proteins presents a difficulty not only for the chance origin of specified biological information i e for random mutations act alone but also for |
| Match 25 (1):
Reference (004056 .. 004071, of 13533): |
Subject (014026 .. 014042, of 22118): |
|
the probability of attaining at random the correct sequencing for a short protein 100 amino acids |
the probability of attaining the correct sequencing at random for a single short protein 100 amino acids |
| Match 26 (1):
Reference (004280 .. 004295, of 13533): |
Subject (014116 .. 014132, of 22118): |
|
specialized functions Ohno 1996 has noted that Cambrian animals would have required complex proteins such as |
specialized functions Susumu Ohno has noted that many Cambrian animals would have required complex proteins such as |
| Match 27 (1):
Reference (004337 .. 004351, of 13533): |
Subject (014179 .. 014194, of 22118): |
|
molecules suggests that the probability of producing functionally sequenced proteins of this length at random |
s work suggest that the probability of producing functionally sequenced proteins of this length at random |
| Match 28 (1):
Reference (004643 .. 004677, of 13533): |
Subject (017228 .. 017262, of 22118): |
|
natural selection cannot contribute to the process of information generation until after the information necessary to build the requisite system of proteins has arisen Thus random variations must again do the work of information generation |
natural selection cannot contribute to the process of information generation until after the information necessary to build the requisite proteins has arisen Thus random variations alone must again do the creative work of information generation |
| Match 29 (1):
Reference (004729 .. 004738, of 13533): |
Subject (013010 .. 013017, of 22118): |
|
the chance origin of the genetic information necessary to build |
the origin of the information necessary to build |
| Match 30 (1):
Reference (004870 .. 004881, of 13533): |
Subject (012911 .. 012921, of 22118): |
|
implausibility of any scenario for the origination of Cambrian genetic information that |
s previous discussion of the origin of genetic information in a |
| Match 31 (1):
Reference (004907 .. 004916, of 13533): |
Subject (014541 .. 014553, of 22118): |
|
Adaptive advantage accrues after the generation of new functional genes |
adaptive advantage accrues only after the generation of functional proteins and the genes |
| Match 32 (1):
Reference (004907 .. 004918, of 13533): |
Subject (014541 .. 014550, of 22118): |
|
Adaptive advantage accrues after the generation of new functional genes and proteins |
adaptive advantage accrues only after the generation of functional proteins |
| Match 33 (1):
Reference (005051 .. 005069, of 13533): |
Subject (015009 .. 015022, of 22118): |
|
Yet to turn one protein into another with a completely novel structure and function requires specified changes at many |
Yet to turn one protein into another with a completely novel function requires many |
| Match 34 (1):
Reference (005300 .. 005332, of 13533): |
Subject (014409 .. 014446, of 22118): |
|
sequences confer no survival advantage on their host organisms Natural selection favors only functional advantage It cannot select or favor nucleotide sequences or polypeptide chains that do not yet perform biological functions and |
sequences would confer no survival advantage on organisms that possess them Natural selection only favors functional advantage It cannot select or favor nucleotide sequences or polypeptide chains that do not yet perform biological functions Yet evolving genes and |
| Match 35 (1):
Reference (005350 .. 005365, of 13533): |
Subject (014452 .. 014470, of 22118): |
|
range through a series of nonfunctional intermediate sequences that natural selection will not favor or preserve |
range through a series of nonfunctional precursors or intermediate sequences that natural selection will not detect see or preserve |
| Match 36 (1):
Reference (005459 .. 005468, of 13533): |
Subject (017212 .. 017222, of 22118): |
|
function must arise first before natural selection can act to |
function must by definition arise before natural selection can act to |
| Match 37 (1):
Reference (005560 .. 005571, of 13533): |
Subject (017912 .. 017922, of 22118): |
|
explain the origin of the Cambrian animals one must account not only |
explain the origin of the Cambrian animals one must not only |
| Match 38 (1):
Reference (005597 .. 005606, of 13533): |
Subject (018025 .. 018033, of 22118): |
|
understanding of how body plans are built during ontogeny In |
understanding how body plans are built during ontogeny In |
| Match 39 (1):
Reference (005621 .. 005643, of 13533): |
Subject (018103 .. 018129, of 22118): |
|
change in organisms requires attention to timing Mutations in genes that are expressed late in the development of an organism will not affect |
changes in the form of organisms requires an attention to timing Mutations in genetic material that are expressed late in the development of an organism will affect |
| Match 40 (1):
Reference (005662 .. 005672, of 13533): |
Subject (018182 .. 018194, of 22118): |
|
Thus events expressed early in the development of organisms have the |
Thus events that are expressed early in the development of organisms have the |
| Match 41 (1):
Reference (005672 .. 005681, of 13533): |
Subject (018198 .. 018207, of 22118): |
|
the only realistic chance of producing large scale macroevolutionary change |
the only realistic chance of producing large scale macroevolutionary change |
| Match 42 (1):
Reference (005699 .. 005710, of 13533): |
Subject (018225 .. 018236, of 22118): |
|
stages of ontogenesis Yet recent studies in developmental biology make clear that |
a number of recent studies in developmental biology make clear mutations that |
| Match 43 (1):
Reference (005699 .. 005718, of 13533): |
Subject (018225 .. 018244, of 22118): |
|
stages of ontogenesis Yet recent studies in developmental biology make clear that mutations expressed early in development typically have deleterious |
a number of recent studies in developmental biology make clear mutations that are expressed early in development have inevitably deleterious |
| Match 44 (1):
Reference (005723 .. 005754, of 13533): |
Subject (018262 .. 018294, of 22118): |
|
For example when early acting body plan molecules or morphogens such as bicoid which helps to set up the anterior posterior head to tail axis in Drosophila are perturbed development shuts down |
For example when early acting body plan molecules or morphogens such as bicoid which helps set up the anterior posterior head to tail axis in the fly Drosophila are perturbed development shuts down |
| Match 45 (1):
Reference (005766 .. 005792, of 13533): |
Subject (018296 .. 018322, of 22118): |
|
The resulting embryos die Moreover there is a good reason for this If an engineer modifies the length of the piston rods in an internal combustion engine |
The resulting embryos die Moreover there is a good reason for this If an engineer modifies the length of the piston rods in an internal combustion engine |
| Match 46 (1):
Reference (005794 .. 005834, of 13533): |
Subject (018326 .. 018367, of 22118): |
|
modifying the crankshaft accordingly the engine won t start Similarly processes of development are tightly integrated spatially and temporally such that changes early in development will require a host of other coordinated changes in separate but functionally interrelated developmental processes downstream |
modify the crankshaft accordingly the engine won t start Similarly processes of development are so tightly integrated temporally and spatially that one change early in development will require a host of other coordinated changes in separate but functionally interrelated developmental processes downstream |
| Match 47 (1):
Reference (005914 .. 005924, of 13533): |
Subject (018605 .. 018615, of 22118): |
|
major changes the very stuff of macroevolution apparently do not vary |
major changes the very stuff of macroevolution apparently do not vary |
| Match 48 (1):
Reference (005934 .. 005948, of 13533): |
Subject (018705 .. 018720, of 22118): |
|
doesn t need namely viable genetic mutations in DNA expressed late in development do occur |
doesn t need namely viable genetic mutations in DNA generally expressed late in development do occur |
| Match 49 (1):
Reference (006009 .. 006034, of 13533): |
Subject (018856 .. 018888, of 22118): |
|
Developmental biology has raised another formidable problem for the mutation selection mechanism Embryological evidence has long shown that DNA does not wholly determine morphological form Goodwin |
Developmental biology has also raised another equally formidable problem for the neo Darwinian mutation selection mechanism Embryological evidence has long shown that DNA does not wholly determine morphological form 145 Therefore mutations in |
| Match 50 (1):
Reference (006064 .. 006084, of 13533): |
Subject (018916 .. 018935, of 22118): |
|
direct protein synthesis 7 It also helps to regulate the timing and expression of the synthesis of various proteins within cells |
directs protein synthesis It also helps to regulate the timing and expression of the synthesis of various proteins within cells |
| Match 51 (1):
Reference (006088 .. 006097, of 13533): |
Subject (018938 .. 018950, of 22118): |
|
does not determine how individual proteins assemble themselves into larger |
does not on its own determine how individual proteins assemble themselves into larger |
| Match 52 (1):
Reference (006124 .. 006140, of 13533): |
Subject (019018 .. 019034, of 22118): |
|
Instead other factors such as the three dimensional structure and organization of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton |
Instead other non genetic factors such as the structure and organization of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton |
| Match 53 (1):
Reference (006163 .. 006205, of 13533): |
Subject (019048 .. 019090, of 22118): |
|
and location of the cytoskeleton influence the patterning of embryos Arrays of microtubules help to distribute the essential proteins used during development to their correct locations in the cell Of course microtubules themselves are made of many protein subunits Nevertheless like bricks that |
and location of microtubules in the cytoskeleton influence the so called patterning of embryos Arrays of microtubules help distribute essential proteins used during development to their correct location in the cell 146 Of course microtubules themselves are made of many protein subunits that |
| Match 54 (1):
Reference (006216 .. 006226, of 13533): |
Subject (019098 .. 019108, of 22118): |
|
subunits in the cell s microtubules are identical to one another |
subunits in the cell s microtubules are identical to one another |
| Match 55 (1):
Reference (006232 .. 006254, of 13533): |
Subject (019111 .. 019135, of 22118): |
|
nor the genes that produce them account for the different shape of microtubule arrays that distinguish different kinds of embryos and developmental pathways |
nor the genes that produce them account for the different shapes and locations of microtubule arrays that distinguish different kinds of embryos and development pathways |
| Match 56 (1):
Reference (006319 .. 006370, of 13533): |
Subject (019173 .. 019229, of 22118): |
|
At a building site builders will make use of many materials lumber wires nails drywall piping and windows Yet building materials do not determine the floor plan of the house or the arrangement of houses in a neighborhood Similarly electronic circuits are composed of many components such as resistors capacitors and transistors |
At a building site builders will make use of many materials lumber wires nails dry wall piping and window panes Yet these building materials do not determine the floor plan of the house or the arrangement of houses in a neighborhood or subdivision Similarly electronic circuits are composed of many components such as resistors capacitors and transistors |
| Match 57 (1):
Reference (006373 .. 006386, of 13533): |
Subject (019234 .. 019246, of 22118): |
|
lower level components do not determine their own arrangement in an integrated circuit Biological |
lower level components do not determine their arrangement on an integrated circuit Biological |
| Match 58 (1):
Reference (006388 .. 006408, of 13533): |
Subject (019248 .. 019268, of 22118): |
|
also depend on hierarchical arrangements of parts Genes and proteins are made from simple building blocks nucleotide bases and amino acids |
also depend upon hierarchical arrangements of parts Genes and proteins are made from simple building blocks nucleotide bases and amino acids |
| Match 59 (1):
Reference (006462 .. 006475, of 13533): |
Subject (019313 .. 019325, of 22118): |
|
do not fully determine the organization of the higher level structures and organizational patterns |
do not determine the organization of these higher level structures and organizational patterns |
| Match 60 (1):
Reference (006479 .. 006492, of 13533): |
Subject (019327 .. 019345, of 22118): |
|
It follows that the genetic information that codes for proteins does not determine these |
It follows therefore that the information on the DNA that codes for proteins does not determine them either These |
| Match 61 (1):
Reference (006501 .. 006523, of 13533): |
Subject (019355 .. 019377, of 22118): |
|
challenge to the sufficiency of the neo Darwinian mechanism Neo Darwinism seeks to explain the origin of new information form and structure as |
challenge to the sufficiency of the neo Darwinian mechanism Neo Darwinism seeks to explain the origin of new information form and structure as |
| Match 62 (1):
Reference (006501 .. 006527, of 13533): |
Subject (019355 .. 019382, of 22118): |
|
challenge to the sufficiency of the neo Darwinian mechanism Neo Darwinism seeks to explain the origin of new information form and structure as a result of selection |
challenge to the sufficiency of the neo Darwinian mechanism Neo Darwinism seeks to explain the origin of new information form and structure as the result of the selection |
| Match 63 (1):
Reference (006529 .. 006573, of 13533): |
Subject (019382 .. 019425, of 22118): |
|
on randomly arising variation at a very low level within the biological hierarchy namely within the genetic text Yet major morphological innovations depend on a specificity of arrangement at a much higher level of the organizational hierarchy a level that DNA alone does not determine |
selection of randomly arising variation at a very low level within the biological hierarchy namely within the genetic text Yet major morphological innovations depend upon a specificity of arrangement at a much higher level of the organizational hierarchy that DNA alone does not determine |
| Match 64 (1):
Reference (006606 .. 006615, of 13533): |
Subject (013108 .. 013124, of 22118): |
|
the mechanism of natural selection acting on random mutations in |
the neo Darwinian mechanism of natural selection acting on random variation does play a significant role in |
| Match 65 (1):
Reference (007147 .. 007156, of 13533): |
Subject (012971 .. 012981, of 22118): |
|
evolutionary theory for explaining the origin of novel biological form |
i e selforganization sufficed to explain the origin of biological information |
| Match 66 (1):
Reference (008099 .. 008110, of 13533): |
Subject (018193 .. 018213, of 22118): |
|
have a realistic chance of producing large scale evolutionary change i e |
have the greatest and probably the only realistic chance of producing large scale macroevolutionary change 136 As Miklos and John explain |
| Match 67 (1):
Reference (008258 .. 008281, of 13533): |
Subject (004142 .. 004167, of 22118): |
|
According to punctuationalists natural selection functions more as a mechanism for selecting the fittest species rather than the most fit individual among a species |
According to many punctuationalists natural selection functions more as a mechanism for selecting the most fit species rather than the most fit individual among a species |
| Match 68 (1):
Reference (008286 .. 008296, of 13533): |
Subject (004169 .. 004179, of 22118): |
|
morphological change should occur in larger more discrete intervals than it |
morphological change should occur in larger more discrete intervals than traditional |
| Match 69 (1):
Reference (008344 .. 008405, of 13533): |
Subject (004510 .. 004572, of 22118): |
|
noted that the proposed mechanism of punctuated evolutionary change simply lacked the raw material upon which to work As Valentine and Erwin 1987 note the fossil record fails to document a large pool of species prior to the Cambrian Yet the proposed mechanism of species selection requires just such a pool of species upon which to act Thus they conclude that the |
note that the proposed mechanism of punctuated evolutionary change simply would have lacked the raw material upon which to work As Valentine and Erwin note the fossil record fails to document a large pool of species prior to the Cambrian Yet the proposed mechanism of species selection requires just such a pool of species upon which to act Thus they conclude that the |
| Match 70 (1):
Reference (008344 .. 008410, of 13533): |
Subject (004510 .. 004578, of 22118): |
|
noted that the proposed mechanism of punctuated evolutionary change simply lacked the raw material upon which to work As Valentine and Erwin 1987 note the fossil record fails to document a large pool of species prior to the Cambrian Yet the proposed mechanism of species selection requires just such a pool of species upon which to act Thus they conclude that the mechanism of species selection probably |
note that the proposed mechanism of punctuated evolutionary change simply would have lacked the raw material upon which to work As Valentine and Erwin note the fossil record fails to document a large pool of species prior to the Cambrian Yet the proposed mechanism of species selection requires just such a pool of species upon which to act Thus they conclude that the probability that species selection is a |
| Match 71 (1):
Reference (009256 .. 009265, of 13533): |
Subject (014207 .. 014222, of 22118): |
|
do not explain the origination of the information necessary to |
random mutations alone will not explain the origin of the functionally specified genetic information necessary to |
| Match 72 (1):
Reference (009319 .. 009330, of 13533): |
Subject (014286 .. 014299, of 22118): |
|
candidates for explaining the origination of biological form or the information necessary |
a difficulty not only for the chance origin of specified biological information i e |
| Match 73 (1):
Reference (009997 .. 010006, of 13533): |
Subject (000239 .. 000250, of 22118): |
|
design as an explanation for the origin of the biological |
design hypothesis from consideration as an explanation for the origin of biological |
| Match 74 (1):
Reference (009997 .. 010007, of 13533): |
Subject (012989 .. 012999, of 22118): |
|
design as an explanation for the origin of the biological information |
design suffices as a causal explanation for the origin of information |
| Match 75 (1):
Reference (010000 .. 010009, of 13533): |
Subject (013008 .. 013016, of 22118): |
|
explanation for the origin of the biological information necessary to |
explanation for the origin of the information necessary to |
| Match 76 (1):
Reference (010175 .. 010187, of 13533): |
Subject (000036 .. 000047, of 22118): |
|
and Lewontin 1978 have long acknowledged that organisms appear to have been designed |
and Richard Lewontin acknowledge that biological organisms appear to have been designed |
| Match 77 (1):
Reference (010193 .. 010207, of 13533): |
Subject (000060 .. 000073, of 22118): |
|
that what Ayala 1994 5 calls the obvious design of living things is only apparent |
that what Francisco Ayala calls the obvious design of living things is only apparent |
| Match 78 (1):
Reference (010585 .. 010597, of 13533): |
Subject (011646 .. 011653, of 22118): |
|
the emergence of novel information rich genes proteins cell types and body plans |
the emergence of novel proteins and body plans |
| Match 79 (1):
Reference (010977 .. 010988, of 13533): |
Subject (012989 .. 012999, of 22118): |
|
design as an explanation for the origin of biological form and information |
design suffices as a causal explanation for the origin of information |
| Match 80 (1):
Reference (011203 .. 011217, of 13533): |
Subject (012866 .. 012877, of 22118): |
|
Quastler 1964 put it the creation of new information is habitually associated with conscious activity |
Quastler the creation of new information is habitually associated with conscious activity |
| Match 81 (1):
Reference (011226 .. 011236, of 13533): |
Subject (019450 .. 019461, of 22118): |
|
the highly specified hierarchical arrangements of parts in animal body plans |
the hierarchical and information rich arrangements of parts in animal body plans |
| Match 82 (1):
Reference (011258 .. 011341, of 13533): |
Subject (019464 .. 019551, of 22118): |
|
At every level of the biological hierarchy organisms require specified and highly improbable arrangements of lower level constituents in order to maintain their form and function Genes require specified arrangements of nucleotide bases proteins require specified arrangements of amino acids new cell types require specified arrangements of systems of proteins body plans require specialized arrangements of cell types and organs Organisms not only contain information rich components such as proteins and genes but they comprise information rich arrangements of those components and the systems |
At every level of the biological hierarchy organisms require a specified and highly improbable arrangements of lower lever constituents in order to maintain their form and function Genes require specified arrangements of nucleotide bases proteins require specified arrangements of amino acids new cell types and organs require specified arrangements or systems of proteins and body plans require specialized arrangements of cell types and organs Organisms not only contain information rich components such as proteins and genes but they comprise information rich arrangements of these components and the subsystems |
| Match 83 (1):
Reference (011371 .. 011396, of 13533): |
Subject (019590 .. 019612, of 22118): |
|
information rich hierarchies in which both individual modules and the arrangements of those modules exhibit complexity and specificity information so defined Individual transistors resistors and capacitors |
information rich hierarchies in which both individual modules and the arrangement of those modules exhibit complexity and specificity Individual transistors resistors and capacitors |
| Match 84 (1):
Reference (011397 .. 011412, of 13533): |
Subject (019617 .. 019633, of 22118): |
|
exhibit considerable complexity and specificity of design at a higher level of organization their specific arrangement |
exhibit considerable complexity and specificity of design Yet at a higher level of organization the specific arrangement |
| Match 85 (1):
Reference (011456 .. 011469, of 13533): |
Subject (019680 .. 019691, of 22118): |
|
Further we know of no other causal entity or process that has this capacity |
Further we know of no other causal entity that has this capacity |
| Match 86 (1):
Reference (011524 .. 011535, of 13533): |
Subject (012989 .. 012999, of 22118): |
|
design as an explanation for the origin of biological form and information |
design suffices as a causal explanation for the origin of information |
| Match 87 (1):
Reference (011771 .. 011789, of 13533): |
Subject (014675 .. 014692, of 22118): |
|
by the illicit expedient of providing the computer with a target sequence and then treating relatively greater proximity to |
by the illicit expedient of providing the computer with a target sequence and treating relatively greater proximity to |
| Match 88 (1):
Reference (011831 .. 011849, of 13533): |
Subject (014722 .. 014747, of 22118): |
|
in nature In biology where differential survival depends upon maintaining function selection cannot occur before new functional sequences arise |
Methinks it is like a weasel 110 In biology however where differential survival depends upon maintaining function selection can not occur before new functional sequencing arises |
| Match 89 (1):
Reference (012152 .. 012161, of 13533): |
Subject (012971 .. 012981, of 22118): |
|
invoking design to explain the origin of new biological information |
i e selforganization sufficed to explain the origin of biological information |
| Match 90 (1):
Reference (012234 .. 012245, of 13533): |
Subject (013163 .. 013172, of 22118): |
|
explanation for the origin of the complex specified information required to build |
explanation for the origin of the information required to build |
| Match 91 (1):
Reference (012612 .. 012621, of 13533): |
Subject (014213 .. 014226, of 22118): |
|
the origin of the genetic information necessary to produce these |
the origin of the functionally specified genetic information necessary to produce many of the |